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December, 2020 | SAGE Publications, Inc

An Introduction to Statistics

An Active Learning Approach

Third Edition
Kieth A. Carlson - Valparaiso University, USA
Jennifer R. Winquist - Valparaiso University, USA
512 pages | December, 2020 | SAGE Publications, Inc
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ISBN: 9781544375113
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This updated and reorganized Third Edition of this textbook takes a workbook-style approach that encourages an active approach to learning statistics. Carefully placed reading questions throughout each chapter allow students to apply their knowledge right away, while in-depth activities based on current behavioral science scenarios, each with problem sets and quiz questions, give students the opportunity to assess their understanding of concepts while reading detailed explanations of more complex statistical concepts. Additional practice problems further solidify student learning. Most activities are self-correcting, so if a concept is misunderstood, this misunderstanding is corrected early in the learning process. After working through each chapter, students are far more likely to understand the material than when they only read the material.

Watch a video from the authors on the new edition here! 

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part 1: Descriptive Statistics and Sampling Error

How to Be Successful in This Course
Math Skills Required in This Course
Statistical Software Options
Why Do You Have to Take Statistics?
The Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Populations and Samples
Independent and Dependent Variables
Identify How a Variable Is Measured
Graphing Data
Shapes of Distributions
Frequency Distribution Tables

Frequency Distribution Graphs and Tables
Central Tendency: Choosing Mean, Median, or Mode
Computing Measures of Central Tendency
Variability: Range or Standard Deviation
Steps in Computing a Population’s Standard Deviation
Steps in Computing a Sample’s Standard Deviation
Constructing a Scientific Conclusion

Computing and Interpreting z for a Raw Score
Finding Raw Score “Cut Lines”
Finding the Probability of z Scores Using the Standard Normal Curve
Positive z Score Example
Negative z Score Example
Proportion Between Two z Scores Example

Sampling and Sampling Error
The Central Limit Theorem and the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)
Applying the SEM to Find Statistical Evidence
Part 2: Applying the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning to Mean Differences

Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Apply the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Construct a Well-Supported Scientific Conclusion

Related Samples t Test
Logic of the Single Sample and Related Samples t Tests
Apply the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Construct a Well-Supported Scientific Conclusion

When to Use the Three t Tests
The t Test Logic and the Independent Samples t Formula
Apply the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Construct a Well-Supported Scientific Conclusion
How to Interpret High p Values

Independent Samples One-Way ANOVA
Logic of the ANOVA
Apply Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning

Purpose of Two-Way ANOVA
Logic of Two-Way ANOVA
Apply Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Part 3: Applying the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning to Associations

When to Use Correlations
The Logic of Correlation
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients
Spearman’s (rs) Correlation
Correlation Does Not Equal Causation: True but Misleading
Apply the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Construct a Well-Supported Scientific Conclusion

When to Use X2 Statistics
Logic of the X2 Test
Apply the Pillars of Scientific Reasoning
Construct a Well-Supported Scientific Conclusion
Apply the Pillars of Scientific Reasoning: X2 for Independence
Appendices
References
Index

Instructor Resource Site edge.sagepub.com/carlson3e

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LMS cartridge included with this title for use in Blackboard, Canvas, Brightspace by Desire2Learn (D2L), and Moodle

The LMS cartridge makes it easy to import this title’s instructor resources into your learning management system (LMS). These resources include:

  • Test bank
  • Editable chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides
  • Answers to the textbook’s Reading Questions
  • Answers to the textbook’s Activity Questions
  • Additional Practice Tests and Answers
  • All tables and figures from the textbook
Don’t use an LMS platform?

You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site.

Student study site edge.sagepub.com/carlson3e

The open-access Student Study Site makes it easy for students to maximize their study time, anywhere, anytime. It offers flashcards that strengthen understanding of key terms and concepts, as well as learning objectives that reinforce the most important material.

NEW TO THIS EDITION:
  • More emphasis on interpreting statistics. New coverage of “4 Pillars of Scientific Reasoning” (Hypothesis Testing with a Continuous p value, Practical Importance with Effect Size, Population Estimation with Confidence Intervals, and Methodology and Scientific Literature) helps students think about statistical results and create well-supported scientific conclusions,
  • Enhanced activity questions. Most enhanced questions now use a fixed-choice format to provide better feedback to students to help them identify areas of improvement.
  • A new emphasis on interpreting p values continuously rather than dichotomously (i.e., using critical value cut offs) follows an approach advised by most statisticians.
  • More software options (including free, simple-to-use JASP and jamovi) as well as SPSS are supported. Instructors can also use this textbook with any statistics program they prefer.
  • A streamlined organization with fewer chapters covers the same topics in more depth by combining central tendency and variability into a single chapter, integrating confidence intervals into multiple chapters, and introducing hypothesis testing with single sample t rather than z for a sample mean.
  • Expanded coverage of effect sizes includes all pairwise comparisons (including ANOVAs).
  • More instruction on writing results using APA style, particularly in the t-test and ANOVA chapters, gives readers confidence to convey their data.
  • Integrative assignments in the related t, independent t, one-way ANOVA, and correlation chapters reinforce the different information researchers obtain from significance tests, effect sizes, and confidence intervals, encouraging students to think like researchers.
  • A new textbook website contains useful resources for students and instructors, including answer keys for the activities, practice tests for each chapter, instructions for using SPSS, JASP, and jamovi, data files for all activities in the book, a test bank, and lecture slides.
KEY FEATURES:
  • Embedded reading questions and empirically developed activities in each chapter help students extract key concepts and enable them to learn by doing.
  • Carefully developed scenarios, problem sets, and quiz questions in each chapter help students test their knowledge and master the material.
  • A decision tree at the end of the book helps students choose the correct statistical tool for hypothesis testing.