Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
How to Read a Research Article
Introduction
Conceptions of Deviance
The Sociological Imagination
The Importance of Theory and Its Relationship to Research
Global Perspectives on Deviance
Deviance and Disparity
Ideas in Action
Conclusion: Organization of the Book
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Deviance and Its Varied Forms
Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification
Relationships and Deviance
Deviance in Cyberspace: Making Up the Norms as We Go
Subcultural Deviance
Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct
Positive Deviance
Global Perspectives on Types of Deviance
Deviance and Disparity: Differential Treatment in Dealing With Addiction, Prostitution, and Graffiti
Ideas in Action: Guerrilla Gardening in Low-Income Areas
Question: So Who Are the Deviants? Answer: It Depends on Whom You Ask
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Methodological Approaches to Studying Deviance
Content Analysis
Secondary Data Sources
Ethical Considerations in Studying Deviance
Global Perspectives on Trials and Tribulations Involved in Researching Deviance Across the Globe
Deviance and Disparity: Regulation of Smoking
Ideas in Action: Evaluating Programs and Policy
Conclusion
Endnote
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Anomie/Strain Theory
Robert Merton and Adaptations to Anomie/Strain
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, Differential Opportunity
Albert Cohen, Delinquent Boys
Robert Agnew, General Strain Theory
Messner and Rosenfeld, Crime and the American Dream— Institutional Anomie Theory
Application of Anomie and Strain Theories
Critiques of Anomie and Strain Theories
Global Perspectives on Anomie/Strain Theory
Deviance and Disparity: The Occupy Wall Street Movement
Ideas in Action: Transforming Innovation Into Conformity and Legitimate Success
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Social Disorganization Theory
Shaw and McKay’s Study of Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas
Early Critiques of Social Disorganization Theory
Rebirth of Social Disorganization Theory
Empirical Tests of Social Disorganization Theory
Collective Efficacy as a Key Theoretical and Empirical Element of Social Disorganization Theory
Global Perspectives on Social Disorganization Theory
Tests of Social Disorganization in Cities Outside the United States
More Theoretical and Empirical Advances and Divergences
Deviance and Disparity: Social Disorganization Theory
External Forces in the Creation of Social Disorganization
Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From Social Disorganization and Broken Windows Perspectives
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Differential Association Theory
Development of Akers’s Social Learning Theory
Social Structure and Social Learning
Empirical Tests of Akers’s Social Structure Social Learning Theory
Application of Differential Association and Social Learning
Critiques of Differential Association and Social Learning Theories
Cultural Deviance Theory and Subcultural Explanations of Deviance
Deviance and Disparity: Can Differential Association/Social Learning Theories Explain Gender Disparities in Deviance?
Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From a Social Learning Perspective
Global Perspectives on Testing Differential Association and Social Learning Theories Outside of the United States
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Social Control Theory
Contemporary Additions to Social Control Theory
Application of Social Control Theories
Critiques of Social Control Theories
Global Perspectives on Deviance and Social Control Theories
Deviance and Disparity: The Cases of Teenage Homelessness
Ideas in Action: Homeboy Industries
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Labeling Theory
How the Labeling Process Works
Labeling and Mental Illness
Labeling and Delinquency
Application of Labeling Theory
Impact of Labeling Theory
Critiques of Labeling Theory
Global Perspectives on Labeling Theory
Deviance and Disparity: When Is Drinking—or Not Drinking—Deviant on College Campuses?
Ideas in Action: The “I Have a Dream” Foundation—Instilling Positive Labels
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Marxist Theory
Development of Conflict Theory
Applications of Marxist and Conflict Theories
Critiques of Marxist and Conflict Theories
Global Perspectives on Deviance and Marxist/Conflict Theories
Deviance and Disparity: Voting Rights, Voter Suppression, Gerrymandering, and Social Media
Voter Suppression and Conflict Theory
Ideas in Action: Voter Registration Drives
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of Feminist Criminology
Development of Critical Race Theory
Development of Peacemaking
Critiques of Critical Theories
Global Perspectives on Deviance and Critical Theories
Deviance and Disparity: Human Trafficking—Crossing Boundaries and Borders
Ideas in Action: What Can Be Done About Human Trafficking?
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Medicalization of Deviant Behavior
Policing, Supervision, and the Impact of Incarceration on Disadvantaged Populations and Communities
Total Institutions
Correctional Facilities and the Purposes of Punishment
Gresham Sykes and the Pains of Imprisonment
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
Reentry: Challenges in Returning to the Community After Time in an Institution
Public Fear and Social Control: The Case of Sex Offenders
Collateral Consequences: Effects on Communities and Families
Global Perspectives on the Social Control of Deviance
Deviance and Disparity: How Money Can Matter in Local Jails
Ideas in Action: College Programs in Prisons
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Introduction
Development of a Deviant Career and Career Deviance Approach
Getting Into Deviance: Onset of a Deviant Career
Risk and Protective Factors for Onset
Escalation, Persistence, and Specialization in Deviance
Sex Offenders: Generalists or Specialists?
The Case of Drinking and Driving
Specialization and General Deviance Is Not Always a Choice
Summary of Career Deviance: Specialists or Generalists?
Getting Out of the Game: Desistance From Career Deviance
Deviance and Disparity: Alcohol Use and Misuse Disparities Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth
Global Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Interest in Deviant Careers and Career Deviance
Ideas in Action: Programs and Policy From a Career Deviance and Deviant Career Perspective
Conclusion
Exercises and Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Glossary
References and Additional Reading
Index