Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Empirical Support for ITCT
Structure of This Book
Complex Posttraumatic Events
Effects of Complex Trauma
Phenomena That May Intensify, Compound, or Complicate Trauma Effects
Assessment-Driven Treatment
Attention to Complex Trauma Issues
Early Focus on Immediate Issues
Focus on a Positive Working Relationship With the Therapist
Customization
Attention to Attachment Difficulties
Skills Development
Titrated Therapeutic Exposure and Exploration of Trauma Memories
A Flexible Time Frame
Advocacy and Interventions at the System Level
Positive Professional Collaborations and Therapist Self-Care
Background and Current Assessment Information
Assessment of Trauma Exposure
Evaluation of Trauma-Relevant Symptoms
Assessment Measures That Can Be Used in ITCT-C
The Assessment-Treatment Flowchart for Children
The Problems-to-Components Grid for Children (PCG-C)
The Therapy Office/Agency Environment
Session Consistency and Safety
Play Therapy Materials and Resources
Expanding the Child’s Sense of Identity
Therapist Behaviors That Contribute to a Positive Therapeutic Relationship
Use of Play and Humor
The Role of Attachment History for the Therapist and the Client
Family Therapy, Group Therapy, and Advocacy to Enhance the Therapeutic Relationship
Advocacy and Case Management
Dealing With Difficult Client-Therapist Relationship Challenges
A Special Topic: Pet-Assisted Therapy or Sessions Involving Pets
Impediments to Therapy
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect
Ongoing Monitoring of Safety Issues and Interventions
Suicidality and Harmful Behavior Toward Others: Assessment and Interventions
Possible Safety Issues During Monitored Visits
Safety Within the Therapy Sessions
General Focus of Psychoeducation
Books and Other Materials Used in ITCT-C
Other Approaches to Psychoeducation With Children
Psychoeducation With Caretakers
Culture-Specific Advocacy
Advocacy for Economically Disadvantaged Clients
Advocacy as Therapy
Mental Health Advocacy and Support for Caretakers
Advocacy With Child Protection and Foster Care Systems
Court/Legal Systems Advocacy
School Collaborations and Advocacy
Acute Distress Reduction
Emotional Regulation Capacity
Resilience and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem
Specific Interventions to Enhance Positive Identity Development, Self-Efficacy, and Assertiveness
Preconditions for Emotional Processing When Addressing Complex Trauma
Cognitive Processing
Emotional Processing
Specific Client Attachment Styles
Avoidant Attachment
Resistant/Preoccupied/Ambivalent Attachment
Disorganized Attachment
Assessment of Attachment Disturbance
Relational Processing of Complex Trauma Effects
Conclusions
ITCT-C Caretaker Interventions: Multiple Modalities
Individual Psychotherapy With Caretakers
Couple’s Sessions
Conjoint/Dyadic Caretaker-Child Interventions
Support, Education, and Parenting Skills
The Caretaker Support Group Module
Follow-Up Group
Who to Include in Family Therapy Sessions?
Cultural Factors to Consider
When Should Family Therapy Be Considered?
What Improves the Likelihood of Effective Family Therapy?
Impacts of Systems Issues on Families
Family Therapy Interventions
ITCT-C Family Therapy Module for Sessions
School-Based ITCT-C Interventions
The ITCT-C School-Based Group Model
Common Reactions and Feelings in Therapists Working in the Trauma Field
Supervision and Consultation
Team-Building and Support
Further Training and Professional Development
Personal Therapy
Developing a Mindful Perspective
Self-Care
Appendix
References
Index